Natural foods
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
[hide]- 1 Formal definitions, or lack thereof
- 2 See also
- 3 References
Formal definitions, or lack thereof
"Natural foods" are often assumed to be foods that are minimally processed and do not contain any hormones, antibiotics, sweeteners, food colors, or flavorings that were not originally in the food.[2]
The international Food and Agriculture Organization's Codex Alimentarius does not recognize the term "natural" but does have a standard for organic foods.[3]
Fundamentally, almost all foodstuffs are derived from the natural products of plants and animals and therefore any definition of natural food results in an arbitrary exclusion or inclusion of food ingredients; likewise, since almost all foods are processed in some way, either mechanically, chemically, or by temperature, it is difficult to define which types of food processing is natural.[4]
United Kingdom (definition by process and by product)
In the United Kingdom, the Food Standards Agency published criteria for the use of several terms in food labeling. The guidance, in general, restricts the use of natural to foods that have "ingredients produced by nature, not the work of man or interfered with by man." Natural flavorings are explicitly defined by separate laws.[5]
There are different standards for various types of food, such as dairy products. It also gives standards for some food processing techniques, such as fermentation or pasteurization. The standard explicitly rules out "foods derived from novel processes, GM or cloning."[6]
Canada (definition by process only)
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency restricts the use of "natural" to foods that have not been significantly altered by processing and gives examples of processes that do or do not significantly alter food. This includes two specific additional requirements:[7]
- A natural food or ingredient of a food is not expected to contain, or to ever have contained, an added vitamin, mineral nutrient, artificial flavouring agent or food additive.
- A natural food or ingredient of a food does not have any constituent or fraction thereof removed or significantly changed, except the removal of water.
United States (no definition)
In the United States, neither the FDA nor the USDA has rules for “natural." The FDA explicitly discourages the food industry from using the term.[8] The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prohibits labeling that is misleading, but does not give any specifics.
Because there is no legal meaning for natural foods, food manufacturers will often place a "natural" label on foods which contain heavily processed ingredients such as vegetable glycerin, soy lecitin, monocalcium phosphate, and mixed tocopherols.[9]
The poultry industry has been criticized by the Center for Science in the Public Interest for labeling chicken meat "all natural" after it has been injected with saline solution up to 25% of its weight, but there is no legal recourse to prevent this labeling.[10]
Although there is no legal U.S. definition for natural foods, there are numerous unofficial or informal definitions, none of which is applied uniformly to foods labeled "natural".
Raw foodism
This article is about raw food consumption in humans. For a raw diet for cats or dogs, see Raw feeding.Raw foodism (or rawism) is a lifestyle promoting the consumption of uncooked, unprocessed, and often organic foods as a large percentage of the diet.
Raw foodists typically believe that the greater the percentage of raw food in the diet, the greater the health benefits. Raw foodism or a raw diet is usually equated with raw veganism in which only raw plant foods are eaten.[1] Depending on the type of lifestyle and results desired, raw food diets may include a selection of raw fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds (including sprouted whole grains such as gaba rice), eggs, fish (such as sashimi), meat (such as carpaccio), and non-pasteurized/non-homogenized dairy products (such as raw milk, raw milk cheese, and raw milk yogurt).
Contents
[hide]- 1 Diets
- 2 History
- 3 Beliefs
- 4 Raw food movement
- 5 Research
- 6 Criticism and controversies
- 7 See also
- 8 References
Diets
Raw foodism can include any diet of primarily unheated food, or food cooked to a temperature less than 40 °C (104 °F) to 46 °C (115 °F). The most popular raw food diet is a raw vegan diet, but other forms may include animal products and/or meat. Raw foodists can be divided between those that advocate raw veganism or vegetarianism, those that advocate a raw omnivorous diet, and those that advocate a 100% raw animal foods diet.
Raw veganism
Main article: Raw veganismA raw vegan diet consists of unprocessed, raw plant foods that have not been heated above 46 °C (115 °F). Raw vegans believe that foods cooked above this temperature have lost much of their nutritional value and are less healthy or even harmful to the body. Typical foods include fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds and sprouted grains and legumes.
Some raw vegans can be subdivided into fruitarians, juicearians, or sproutarians.[2] Fruitarians eat primarily or exclusively fruits and nuts. Juicearians process their raw plant foods into juice. Sproutarians adhere to a diet consisting mainly of sprouted seeds.[3]
Examples of individuals thriving[citation needed] on a raw vegan lifestyle include:
Dr Doug Graham, Raw Aussie Athlete, Tim Van Orden, Mike Arnstein, Dr Tim Trader, Dr Fred Bisci, Dr Ruth Heidrich, Frederic Patenaude, Bradley Saul,
Raw vegetarianism
See also: VegetarianismRaw vegetarianism is a diet that excludes meat, (including game and slaughter byproducts like gelatin), fish (including shellfish and other sea animals) and poultry, but allows dairy and eggs. Common foods include fruit, vegetables, sprouts, nuts, seeds, grains, legumes, dairy, eggs and honey. There are several variants of this diet.[4]
United States (no definition)
In the United States, neither the FDA nor the USDA has rules for “natural." The FDA explicitly discourages the food industry from using the term.[8] The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act prohibits labeling that is misleading, but does not give any specifics.
Because there is no legal meaning for natural foods, food manufacturers will often place a "natural" label on foods which contain heavily processed ingredients such as vegetable glycerin, soy lecitin, monocalcium phosphate, and mixed tocopherols.[9]
The poultry industry has been criticized by the Center for Science in the Public Interest for labeling chicken meat "all natural" after it has been injected with saline solution up to 25% of its weight, but there is no legal recourse to prevent this labeling.[10]
Although there is no legal U.S. definition for natural foods, there are numerous unofficial or informal definitions, none of which is applied uniformly to foods labeled "natural".
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